The Difference Between Bourbon and Whiskey: A Guide to Understanding Your Drink

When stepping into the world of spirits, you’ll often hear bourbon and whiskey used interchangeably. While they share similarities, these two beverages have distinct characteristics that set them apart. Understanding the difference between bourbon and whiskey can elevate your appreciation for each drink and help you make more informed choices when browsing shelves or crafting cocktails.

What Is Whiskey?
Whiskey is a broad category of distilled alcoholic beverages made from fermented grain mash. The grains typically used include barley, corn, rye, and wheat. After fermentation and distillation, whiskey is aged in wooden barrels, usually oak, which gives it its distinct flavors and colors.

Whiskey can be produced in various styles and originates from several regions, including Scotland (Scotch whisky), Ireland (Irish whiskey), the United States, and Canada. Each region and style has its unique production methods and flavor profiles. For example, Scotch whisky often has a smoky character due to the use of peat during the malting process, while Irish whiskey is known for its smoothness, often triple-distilled for extra refinement.

What Is Bourbon?
Bourbon, on the other hand, is a specific type of American whiskey. It must adhere to strict legal regulations to earn the name “bourbon,” as outlined by U.S. law. Key criteria include:

Mash Composition: Bourbon must be made from a grain mash containing at least 51% corn. This high corn content gives bourbon its signature sweet flavor.

Distillation and Aging: Bourbon must be distilled to no more than 160 proof (80% alcohol by volume) and entered into barrels at no more than 125 proof (62.5% alcohol by volume). It must also be aged in new, charred oak barrels, which impart rich caramel, vanilla, and oak flavors.

Geography: While bourbon is strongly associated with Kentucky, it can legally be made anywhere in the United States. However, more than 95% of bourbon is produced in Kentucky, earning it a reputation as the spirit’s heartland.
No Additives: Bourbon must not contain any added flavors, colors, or other spirits.

Key Differences
Ingredients: Bourbon’s 51% corn requirement distinguishes it from other whiskeys, which may rely more heavily on barley, rye, or wheat.
Production Rules: Bourbon’s strict aging in new, charred oak barrels sets it apart from other whiskeys, which may use reused barrels.
Flavor: Bourbon’s sweeter, fuller flavor contrasts with the spiciness of rye whiskey or the smoky complexity of Scotch.

All bourbon is whiskey, but not all whiskey is bourbon. Bourbon’s specific production requirements and sweet flavor profile make it a unique and beloved spirit. Next time you’re at Boones, consider trying a bourbon if you’re in the mood for something rich and smooth, or explore other whiskeys to broaden your palate.